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2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u5168\u570b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u5236\u5927\u5b78California State University\u6e96\u5099\u5728\u672c\u79d1\u62db\u751f\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d6\u6d88SAT\u548cACT\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u8003\u8a66\u3002 CSU\u7cfb\u7d71\u753123\u500b\u6821\u5340\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u5c07\u65bc3\u6708\u5c31\u7d42\u6b62\u8003\u8a66\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u9032\u884c\u6295\u7968\u3002\u5efa\u8b70\u5728\u9031\u4e09\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u56de\u61c9\u3002 California State University\u6709486000\u540d\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u6295\u7968\u6c38\u4e45\u53d6\u6d88\u9019\u5169\u9805\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u5247CSU\u5c07\u52a0\u5165\u5230University of California\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a1\u53d6\u300ctest blind\u300d\u9304\u53d6\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\uff0cUC\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u6295\u7968\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u4e5d\u500b\u672c\u79d1\u6821\u5340\u653e\u68c4\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u8003\u8a66\u3002 \u6279\u8a55\u4eba\u58eb\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u8003\u8a66\u8b93\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b78\u751f\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8003\u8a66\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u56fa\u6709\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8f03\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u53c3\u52a0\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\u9810\u79d1\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u8ab2\u7a0b\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u3002 \u8207\u8a31\u591a\u9ad8\u6821\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cCalifornia State University\u5728COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\u66ab\u505c\u4f7f\u7528SAT\u548cACT\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u898f\u5247\u5ef6\u7e8c\u52302022-23\u5b78\u5e74\u3002 CSU\u62db\u751f\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08\u7531\u6559\u5e2b\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u9818\u8896\u7d44\u6210\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e00\u898f\u5247\u5230\u671f\u5f8c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff0c\u4e26\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u7d50\u675f\u8003\u8a66\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u8a72\u5efa\u8b70\u5728\u9031\u4e09\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u8a72\u5efa\u8b70\uff0cCal State\u5c07\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u7a4d\u5206\u9ede\u6240\u5360\u6b0a\u91cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u9304\u53d6\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6703\u8003\u616e\u8ab2\u5916\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b78\u751f\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5b78\u6821\u3002 \u526f\u6821\u9577April Grommo\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u96a8\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u9032\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u91cd\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u8003\u8a66\u5206\u6578\u65b0\u6578\u64da\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u300d\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff0cCSU\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73feSAT\u5206\u6578\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u9ad8\u4e2dGPA\u66f4\u80fd\u6307\u793a\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 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Saenz\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7f85\u52c3\u8332\uff08John Roberts\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff08majority opinion\uff09\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u62db\u751f\u8a08\u756b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u65cf\u88d4\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u62db\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8003\u616e\u6a19\u6e96\u3002 \u897f\u6069\u65af\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u5a92\u9ad4\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Ethnic Media Services\uff09\u8a2a\u554f\u6642\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7b49\u65bc\u627f\u8a8d\u65cf\u88d4\u4ecd\u7136\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u4ecd\u7136\u95dc\u4fc2\u91cd\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5ffd\u8996\u65cf\u88d4\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u662f\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u300d \u4ed6\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u9019\u9805\u88c1\u6c7a\u7576\u4f5c\u85c9\u53e3\u4f86\u5ffd\u8996\u65cf\u88d4\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u6216\u5ffd\u8996\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u6539\u8b8a1964\u5e74\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u6c11\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Federal Civil Rights Act\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u3002 \u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u62db\u751f\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5168\u570b\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u9019\u9805\u88c1\u6c7a\u524d\u4ecd\u5c07\u65cf\u88d4\u4f5c\u70ba\u62db\u751f\u6a19\u6e96\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5dde\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u5176\u62db\u751f\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002 \u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8faf\u8b77\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u6703 (MALDEF) \u4e3b\u5e2d\u517c\u7e3d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9867\u554f\u6258\u99ac\u65af\u00b7A\u00b7\u85a9\u6069\u65af (Thomas A. 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2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u52a0\u5dde\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u5728\u4eca\u5e746\u6708\u521d\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee560\u7968\u8d0a\u6210\u300114\u7968\u53cd\u5c0d\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u83ef\u88d4\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\u9673\u7acb\u5fb7Phillip Chen\u548c\u65b9\u6587\u601dVince Fong\uff09\u548c5\u7968\u68c4\u6b0a\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u83ef\u88d4\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\u6731\u611f\u751fKansen Chu\u548c\u5468\u672c\u7acbEd Chau\uff09\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u7b2c5\u865f\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848Assembly Constitutional Amendment 5\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31ACA-5\u3002\u8a72\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5982\u679c\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u5217\u4e0a\u4eca\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u5927\u9078\u9078\u7968\uff0c\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u9078\u6c11\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5ee2\u96641996\u5e7411\u6708\u516c\u6295\u901a\u904e\u4e26\u7d0d\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684209\u865f\u63d0\u6848Proposition 209\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u52a0\u5dde\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u5021\u8b70\u66f8California Civil Rights Initiative\u3002Proposition 209\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u69cb\u5728\u8003\u616e\u516c\u5171\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5408\u540c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u504f\u5411\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u819a\u8272\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u512a\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300a\u5e73\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002 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\u52a0\u5dde\u9078\u6c11\u722d\u53d6\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u76ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52302001\u5e74\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u65bc\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u8463\u6703\u548cBakke\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u7684\u88c1\u6c7a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u88c1\u6c7a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78UC Davis\u66fe\u5728\u9304\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7684\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u914d\u984d\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u88c1\u5b9a\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u5728\u62db\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u616e\u7a2e\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 \u63d0\u51faACA-5\u7684San Diego\u9078\u5340\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1Shirley Weber\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u52a0\u5dde\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u6309\u65cf\u88d4\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u548c\u5404\u65cf\u88d4\u4eba\u6578\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5dde4000\u842c\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2d\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5360\u8fd140%\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u4f546%\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u4f5415%\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b782019\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u5165\u5b78\u4eba\u6578\u4e2d\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5360\u4e0d\u523025%\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u4f544%\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u4f5416%\u3002ACA-5\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u65e9\u57282001\u5e74\u5c31\u88ab\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u914d\u984d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 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\u8056\u5730\u4e9e\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u84cb\u723e\u00b7\u8d6b\u7565\u7279\u7d93\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9760\u7279\u6b0a\u9032\u5165\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u5f8c\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u9032\u5ea6\uff0c51.6%\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5927\u4e00\u5b78\u5e74\u6210\u7e3e\u6392\u540d\u4f4d\u5217\u6700\u5f8c10%\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u62db\u5165\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u907f\u958b\u6700\u786c\u6838\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u985e\u5c08\u696d\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u50c5\u70ba\u767d\u4eba\u768436%\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u70ba\u767d\u4eba\u768415%\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u64c1\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u76844.5\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u76847\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 2016\u5e74\uff0c\u84cb\u6d1b\u666e\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c60%\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8d0a\u6210\u5be6\u65bd\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u670970%\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u62db\u751f\u61c9\u50c5\u6191\u624d\u80fd\u8a55\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u61c9\u904e\u591a\u8003\u616e\u7a2e\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u652f\u6301\u5e73\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u628a\u5e73\u6b0a\u8b8a\u6210\u7279\u6b0a\u30022018\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u9806\u61c9\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d6\u6d88\u7a2e\u65cf\u914d\u984d\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u819a\u8272\uff0c\u64c7\u512a\u9304\u53d6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u53c8\u8981\u9006\u52e2\u800c\u52d5\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7528ACA-5\u4f86\u63a8\u7ffb\u300a\u5e73\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300bProposition 209\u3002 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