{"id":215832,"date":"2022-07-30T06:05:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T13:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/?p=215832"},"modified":"2023-03-19T19:07:45","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T02:07:45","slug":"%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u660e\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cTake it for granted\u201d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a5e\u689d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u201c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8aaa\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u6771\u897f\u4e26\u4e0d\u73cd\u60dc\uff0c\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u7433\u746f\u6eff\u76ee\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u78ba\u5be6\u65b9\u4fbf\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u5c11\u7701\u601d-\u9019\u4e9b\u7522\u54c1\u662f\u8ab0\u767c\u660e\u7684\uff1f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u6210\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e73\u6642\u5c0d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u6240\u77e5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u7121\u5916\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\u63d0\u53ca\u7684Matin Luther King Jr. \u7bc0\u65e5\uff0c\u9023Juneteenth\u9ed1\u5974\u89e3\u653e\u65e5\u4e5f\u662f\u56e02021\u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u806f\u90a6\u516c\u5b9a\u5047\u65e5\u624d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u807d\u5230\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u840a\u5862\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u6f14\u54e1\uff0c\u6b4c\u624b\uff0c\u548c\u5bb6\u8ca1\u842c\u8cab\u7684\u9ad4\u80b2\u660e\u661f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domini Hoskins Black History Museum\u5728\u7063\u5340\u7d05\u6728\u57ce\u8209\u8fa6\u4e86\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u6b77\u53f2\u5c55\u3002\u8d70\u9032\u5c55\u5ef3\u653e\u773c\u770b\u5230\u6975\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\u591a\u5143\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u6b04\u76ee-\u524d\u7e3d\u7d71Obama\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u592b\u4eba\u7c73\u96ea\u5152\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u524d\u5357\u975e\u7e3d\u7406Nelson Mandela\u7684\u7167\u7247\u50b3\u8a18\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u5974\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u7269\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u4f9b\u737b\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u62f3\u64ca\u738b\u963f\u91cc\u8f1d\u714c\u7684\u6230\u8de1\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7e5e\u904e\u5e7e\u6392\u5c55\u7269\uff0c\u5ffd\u88ab\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u5438\u4f4f\u4e86\u773c\u7403; \u4e00\u6642\u523b\u6709\u82e5\u8eab\u8655Safeway\u8d85\u5e02\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u76e1\u662f\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u54c1\u8ca8\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff1a\u7259\u818f\uff0c\u85af\u7247\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u6e05\u6f54\u5291\uff0c\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u5316\u599d\u54c1\uff0c\u7b49\u3002\u4ed4\u7d30\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u9019\u8a31\u591a\u7522\u54c1\u662f\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\u6240\u5275\u9020\u6216\u6539\u9032\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lyda Newman-1898\u5e74\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u5237\u5b50\u7684\u982d\u9aee\u68b3\u5b50\u3002Newman\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u9aee\u5e2b\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6bdb\u9aee\u68b3\u5b50\u56e0\u5bc6\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u68b3\u7406\u975e\u88d4\u9867\u5ba2\u7684\u982d\u9aee\uff0cNewman\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u4eba\u9020\u6750\u8cea\u70ba\u5237\u5b50\u7684\u68b3\u5b50\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u6574\u7406\u6fc3\u5bc6\u982d\u9aee\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215841\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2323\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800846&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2323\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2323.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>John Standard- 1891\u5e74\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u6539\u9032\u51b0\u7bb1\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u5de5\u80fd\u3002Standard\u81ea\u88fd\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5c07\u51b0\u584a\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u51b0\u7bb1\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u5668\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6539\u9032\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u51b0\u7bb1\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215842\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2305\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800580&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2305\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2305.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Osbourn Dorsey- 1878\u5e74\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u9580\u64cb\u548c\u9580\u628a\u3002\u9580\u64cb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u500b\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u5c0f\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6642\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5927\u5e6b\u624b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215833\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2341\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645801068&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2341\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2341.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Osbourn Dorsey- \u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u9580\u628a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9435\u5708\uff0c\u9580\u9396\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u6a6b\u6728\u6a01\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u626d\u8f49\u6027\u9580\u628a\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u53c8\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u88d4\u6a5f\u68b0\u5bb6\u767c\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215837\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2304\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800576&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2304\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215837\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2304.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>George Crum- 1853\u5e74\uff0c\u85af\u7247\u3002Crum \u662f\u4f4d\u5eda\u5e2b\uff0c\u9910\u9928\u9032\u4f86\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u6311\u5634\u7684\u9435\u8def\u5927\u4ea8\u3002\u5acc\u7aef\u4e0a\u684c\u7684\u70b8\u571f\u8c46\u96e3\u5403\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5eda\u623f\u3002Crum\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u8b93\u9019\u4f4d\u60e1\u5ba2\u5fc3\u670d\u53e3\u670d\uff0c\u7d30\u5fc3\u5c07\u571f\u8c46\u5207\u5f97\u6975\u8584\uff0c\u904e\u70b8\u5f8c\u7aef\u4e0a\u3002\u9435\u8def\u5927\u4ea8\u5403\u5f97\u7709\u958b\u773c\u7b11\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u8b9a\u8cde\u3002\u85af\u7247\u5c31\u9019\u9ebd\u8a95\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215834\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2300\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800469&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;64&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2300\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2300.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Garrett Morgan- 1923\u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u8272\u7d05\u7da0\u71c8\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u901a\u4e8b\u6545\u5f8c\uff0cGarrett\u5c0b\u627e\u4f7f\u8def\u4e0a\u99d5\u99db\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u4e09\u8272\u5207\u63db\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6307\u793a\u71c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215835\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2284\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645799823&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2284\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2284.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Garrett Morgan- \u88fd\u505a\u4e86\u9632\u7159\u9762\u5177\u60f3\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u6d88\u9632\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7576\u6642\u4e0d\u592a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u96db\u5f62\u537b\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u58eb\u5175\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9632\u6bd2\u9762\u5177\u7684\u5148\u7956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"265\" data-attachment-id=\"215849\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,265\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood.jpg 500w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-300x159.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Granville T. Woods- 1800\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u96fb\u6d41\u958b\u95dc\u3002Granville\u53c8\u7a31\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u611b\u8fea\u751f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u66fe\u7372\u5f9750\u591a\u9805\u96fb\u529b\u548c\u901a\u8a0a\u6280\u8853\u5c08\u5229\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u6700\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u96fb\u6d41\u958b\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215838\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2301\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800480&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2301\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215838\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2301.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Willis Johnson- 1884\u5e74\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u652a\u86cb\u5668\u3002Johnson\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u9f52\u8f2a\u5e36\u52d5\u65cb\u8f49\u652a\u62cc\u5668\u4e0d\u53ea\u652a\u86cb\uff0c\u5c31\u9eb5\u7c89\uff0c\u9eb5\u7cf0\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u61c9\u4ed8\u3002\u5c0d\u70d8\u7119\u5e2b\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5e45\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215836\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2314\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800747&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2314\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2314.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Alfred L. Cralle- 1897\u5e74, \u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u52fa\u3002\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u7684\u672b\u904e\u65bc\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7403\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u7528\u59c6\u6307\u5728\u52fa\u67c4\u58d3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u6389\u5230\u676f\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u65e9\u671fCralle\u767c\u660e\u7684\u52fa\u6210\u690e\u7b52\u5f62\uff0c\u5713\u7403\u5f62\u70ba\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215839\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2317\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800760&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2317\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2317.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Herbert Smitherman Sr. &#8211; 1900\u5e74\u521d\uff0cSmitherman\u535a\u58eb\u662fProctor &amp; Gamble\u516c\u53f8\u50f1\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u6539\u9032\u4e86Crest\u7259\u818f\uff0cBounce\u8863\u6599\u67d4\u8edf\u5291\uff0c\u96c0\u5de2\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u548cSafeguard\u80a5\u7682\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u542b\u91cf\u516c\u5f0f\u3002Smithernam\u535a\u58eb\u4e5f\u63a8\u9032Proctor &amp; Gamble \u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u50f1\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u9ad8\u624d\u751f\u6210\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u57281970\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u57fa\u65bcSmitherman\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u5be6\u7fd2\uff0c\u62db\u8058\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728Proctor &amp; Gamble\u767c\u63ee\u6240\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"215840\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/img_2308\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 13 mini&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1645800626&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0083333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_2308\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215840\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/IMG_2308.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u53ea\u662f\u975e\u88d4\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\u5c55\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6709\u9650\u7121\u6cd5\u4e00\u4e00\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u597d\u7528\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u4f7f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u7c21\u4fbf\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u5e73\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\u60f3\uff0c\u201dTake it for granted\u201d \u201c\u672c\u61c9\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u63d0\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b\u4f86\u4e0b\u6b21\u6211\u5f9e\u5916\u9762\u5b89\u5168\u99db\u904e\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u9580\uff0c\u626d\u958b\u9580\u628a\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u96fb\u71c8\u958b\u95dc\uff0c\u5f9e\u51cd\u7bb1\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u6876\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\uff0c\u6253\u4e00\u52fa\u5403\u4e86\uff0c\u5634\u585e\u5165\u5e7e\u7247\u85af\u7247\u56bc\u4e00\u56bc\uff0c\u8d70\u5165\u6d74\u5ba4\u5237\u500b\u7259\uff0c\u68b3\u68b3\u982d\u9aee\uff0c\u63db\u4e0a\u4e00\u5957\u67d4\u8edf\u8212\u670d\u53c8\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u7761\u8863; \u98f2\u6c34\u601d\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u904e\u7a0b\u8981\u611f\u6fc08\u4f4d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e3b\u8fa6\u55ae\u4f4d\uff1aDomini Hoskins Black History Museum &amp; Learning Center<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Photo credit: A special thank you to Domini Hoskins Black History Museum &amp; Learning Center<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5716\u6587\/\u8a18\u8005\u6c6e\u6c6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"177\" data-attachment-id=\"225150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/california-state-library-logo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/California-State-Library-Logo.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,177\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"California-State-Library-Logo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/California-State-Library-Logo.png\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/California-State-Library-Logo.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/California-State-Library-Logo.png 500w, https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/California-State-Library-Logo-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8221; Funding provided by the State of Califonia &#8220;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"gsp_post_data\" \r\n\t            data-post_type=\"post\" \r\n\t            data-cat=\"business,local,events,news,opinion,%e9%a7%90%e7%ab%99%e4%bd%9c%e5%ae%b6\" \r\n\t            data-modified=\"120\"\r\n\t            data-created=\"1659161100\"\r\n\t            data-title=\"\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\" \r\n\t            data-home=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cTake it for granted\u201d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a5e\u689d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u201c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8aaa\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u6771\u897f\u4e26\u4e0d\u73cd\u60dc\uff0c\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u7433\u746f\u6eff\u76ee\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":215849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"audio","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[609,7,12,131,31,139],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-215832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-local","category-events","category-news","category-opinion","category-139"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_urls":{"medium":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-300x159.jpg","thumbnail":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-150x150.jpg","round-personnel-size":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-400x265.jpg","small-grid-size":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-400x265.jpg","post-board-1-2":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood-450x265.jpg"},"appp_media":null,"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/garrett-morgan-and-smoke-hood.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/avatars-DFF30y5My1u3eZvX-2nXMSw-original.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/feed\/podcast\/%e8%80%81%e4%b8%ad%e5%bb%a3%e6%92%ad%e9%9b%bb%e5%8f%b0","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gtm8cASgCw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/\">\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u660e\u5bb6<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2022\/07\/30\/%e9%9d%9e%e8%a3%94%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e7%99%bc%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6\/embed\/#?secret=gtm8cASgCw\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u660e\u5bb6&#8221; 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Berry\uff09\u5728\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8178\u80c3\u75c5\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5148\u7956\u662f\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u9ed1\u5974\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u7518\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u800c\u9003\u4ea1 \uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u6642\u671f\u66fe\u7d93\u52a0\u5165\u806f\u90a6\u8ecd\u968a\u4f5c\u6230\u3002\u8c9d\u745e\u81ea\u5df1\u7562\u751f\u5f9e\u91ab\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u504f\u898b\u8207\u6b67\u8996\u3002 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\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c9d\u745e\u5728\u80c3\u8178\u75c5\u5b78\u548c\u5167\u7aba\u93e1\u9818\u57df\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u570b\u969b\u91ab\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u4e8684\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u64b0\u5beb\u4e8612\u672c\u91ab\u5b78\u66f8\u7c4d\u548c\u5c08\u8457\u3002 1974\u5e74\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u300a\u80c3\u8178\u5167\u93e1\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7531\u8c9d\u745e\u64b0\u5beb\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u65bc1981\u5e74\u64b0\u5beb\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u984c\u70ba\u300a\u6211\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7267\u5e2b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u300b\uff08I Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey: Two Centuries of an Afro-American Minister's Family\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u53d7\u9080\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5354\u6703\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002 \u8c9d\u745e\u9084\u4ee5\u5176\u7562\u751f\u7cbe\u529b\u53cd\u5c0d\u91ab\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u3002 1934\u5e74\uff0c\u8c9d\u745e\u5c31\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u7531\u9ed1\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u4e26\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u91ab\u9662\u666e\u7f85\u7dad\u767b\u65af\u91ab\u9662\u64d4\u4efb\u80c3\u8178\u75c5\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u9084\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u80c3\u8178\u79d1\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u64d4\u4efb\u4e8635\u5e74\u3002\u5728Providence\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u65bc1946\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684Michael Reese\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u9ed1\u4eba\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u768417\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u8178\u80c3\u75c5\u9818\u57df\u5df2\u7d93\u8209\u4e16\u805e\u540d\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u518d\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u5e2b\u8cc7\u683c\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u4ed6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9577\u671f\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002 1954\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4e00\u9805\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u88c1\u6c7a\u4e2d\u4e00\u81f4\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u5c0d\u5152\u7ae5\u9032\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u201c\u5206\u958b\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d \u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u5f9e\u6b64\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5357\u90e8\u5dde\uff0c\u8a72\u88c1\u6c7a\u906d\u9047\u9811\u5f37\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u3002 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\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u6e67\u5165\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u79df\u91d1\u548c\u623f\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u597d\u5e7e\u4ee3\u90fd\u4f4f\u5728West Oakland\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u9077\u8d70\uff0c\u70ba\u65b0\u696d\u4e3b\u5e36\u4f86\u8a31\u591a\u623f\u5730\u7522\u9078\u64c7 \u2013 \u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u5f9e\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u642c\u4f86\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u5be6\u60e0\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u516c\u5bd3\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cWest Oakland\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u65b0\u516c\u5bd3\u5982\u96e8\u5f8c\u6625\u7b4d\u822c\u6e67\u73fe\uff0c\u8001\u623f\u5b50\u7ffb\u65b0\u5b8c\u4e00\u9593\u53c8\u4e00\u9593\uff0c\u5012\u9589\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u57ce\u5e02\u7da0\u5316 \u2013 \u4ee4\u5c45\u6c11\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \"Harlem of the West.\" \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In 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