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2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u52a0\u5dde\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u5728\u4eca\u5e746\u6708\u521d\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee560\u7968\u8d0a\u6210\u300114\u7968\u53cd\u5c0d\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u83ef\u88d4\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\u9673\u7acb\u5fb7Phillip Chen\u548c\u65b9\u6587\u601dVince Fong\uff09\u548c5\u7968\u68c4\u6b0a\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u83ef\u88d4\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\u6731\u611f\u751fKansen Chu\u548c\u5468\u672c\u7acbEd Chau\uff09\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u7b2c5\u865f\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848Assembly Constitutional Amendment 5\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31ACA-5\u3002\u8a72\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5982\u679c\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u5217\u4e0a\u4eca\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u5927\u9078\u9078\u7968\uff0c\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u9078\u6c11\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5ee2\u96641996\u5e7411\u6708\u516c\u6295\u901a\u904e\u4e26\u7d0d\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684209\u865f\u63d0\u6848Proposition 209\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u52a0\u5dde\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u5021\u8b70\u66f8California Civil Rights Initiative\u3002Proposition 209\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u69cb\u5728\u8003\u616e\u516c\u5171\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5408\u540c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u504f\u5411\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u819a\u8272\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u512a\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300a\u5e73\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u9577\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba42011\u5e748\u670811\u65e5\u7de8\u88fd\u7684\u300a\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u3001\u9304\u53d6\u548c\u5165\u5b78\u65b0\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u7387\u7d93\u904e\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5f9e1998\u5e74\u6700\u4f4e\u768411.3%\u6025\u5287\u4e0a\u5347\u52302010\u5e74\u768420.7%\uff1b\u767d\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u7387\u57281997\u5e74\u9054\u523040.2%\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u57282010\u5e74\u986f\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u523026.8%\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u672c\u5730\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u4eba\u6578\u5f9e1997\u5e74\u52302006\u5e74\u7d2f\u8a08\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8638%\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f9e\u90a3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u518d\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u3002 \u52a0\u5dde\u9078\u6c11\u722d\u53d6\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u76ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52302001\u5e74\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u65bc\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u8463\u6703\u548cBakke\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u7684\u88c1\u6c7a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u88c1\u6c7a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78UC Davis\u66fe\u5728\u9304\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7684\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u914d\u984d\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u88c1\u5b9a\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u5728\u62db\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u616e\u7a2e\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 \u63d0\u51faACA-5\u7684San Diego\u9078\u5340\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u773e\u8b70\u54e1Shirley Weber\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u52a0\u5dde\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u6309\u65cf\u88d4\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u548c\u5404\u65cf\u88d4\u4eba\u6578\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5dde4000\u842c\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2d\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5360\u8fd140%\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u4f546%\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u4f5415%\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b782019\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u5165\u5b78\u4eba\u6578\u4e2d\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5360\u4e0d\u523025%\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u4f544%\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u4f5416%\u3002ACA-5\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u65e9\u57282001\u5e74\u5c31\u88ab\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u914d\u984d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 2011\u5e74\uff0c\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u62db\u751f\u61c9\u8003\u616e\u7a2e\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7d66\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u3001\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u6b8a\u512a\u5f85\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u540d\u6821\u7d1b\u7d1b\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a2e\u65cf\u914d\u984d\u7684\u62db\u751f\u6f5b\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u751f\u4e2d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u5404\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u984d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u7e3e\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u540d\u984d\u9650\u5236\u800c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u72a7\u7272\u83ef\u88d4\u3001\u4e9e\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6b0a\u76ca\u70ba\u4ee3\u50f9\u7684\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5b78\u9577\u88ab15\u6240\u540d\u6821\u62d2\u7d55\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5047\u626e\u9ed1\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7533\u8acb\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8f15\u9b06\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u8036\u9b6f\u5728\u5167\u768411\u6240\u540d\u6821\u7684\u9762\u8a66\u9080\u8acb\u3002 \u65e9\u57282009\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u5169\u4f4d\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u300a\u4e0d\u518d\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5e73\u7b49\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c0d\u5404\u65cf\u88d4\u5728SAT\u8003\u8a66\u7684\u5206\u6578\u8981\u6c42\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u53ea\u89811000\u5206\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u9700\u89811350\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e9e\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u5247\u9700\u8981\u8003\u52301450\u5206\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4e9e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u8b8a\u547d\u904b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u7e3e\u597d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u5982\u4eca\u537b\u5728\u62db\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8b93\u8ca7\u56f0\u7fa4\u9ad4\u548c\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u4eab\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7576\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u7a2e\u65cf\u914d\u984d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u5e73\u6b0a\u6b63\u5728\u8b8a\u6210\u500b\u5225\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u3002 \u8056\u5730\u4e9e\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u84cb\u723e\u00b7\u8d6b\u7565\u7279\u7d93\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9760\u7279\u6b0a\u9032\u5165\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u5f8c\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u9032\u5ea6\uff0c51.6%\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5927\u4e00\u5b78\u5e74\u6210\u7e3e\u6392\u540d\u4f4d\u5217\u6700\u5f8c10%\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u62db\u5165\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u907f\u958b\u6700\u786c\u6838\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u985e\u5c08\u696d\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u50c5\u70ba\u767d\u4eba\u768436%\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u70ba\u767d\u4eba\u768415%\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e9e\u88d4\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u64c1\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u76844.5\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u76847\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 2016\u5e74\uff0c\u84cb\u6d1b\u666e\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c60%\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8d0a\u6210\u5be6\u65bd\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u670970%\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u62db\u751f\u61c9\u50c5\u6191\u624d\u80fd\u8a55\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u61c9\u904e\u591a\u8003\u616e\u7a2e\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u652f\u6301\u5e73\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u628a\u5e73\u6b0a\u8b8a\u6210\u7279\u6b0a\u30022018\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u9806\u61c9\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d6\u6d88\u7a2e\u65cf\u914d\u984d\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u819a\u8272\uff0c\u64c7\u512a\u9304\u53d6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u53c8\u8981\u9006\u52e2\u800c\u52d5\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7528ACA-5\u4f86\u63a8\u7ffb\u300a\u5e73\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300bProposition 209\u3002 \u5176\u5be6\uff0cACA-5\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u65e9\u57282012\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1Edward Hernandez\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5ee2\u9664209\u865f\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u7b2c5\u865f\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848Senate Constitutional Amendment 5\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31SCA-5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u65bc2014\u5e741\u670830\u65e5\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u4ee527\u7968\u5c0d9\u7968\u901a\u904e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u4e9e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5728\u5167\u7684\u591a\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u62d2\u7d55\u8003\u616e\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1Hernandez\u4e3b\u52d5\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8b70\u6848\uff0cSCA-5\u624d\u4e2d\u9014\u592d\u6298\u3002 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Berkeley\uff09\u6821\u9577\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e74\u7d93\u7684\u83ef\u88d4\u6216\u83ef\u88d4\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e86\u89e3\u7530\u6821\u9577\u3002\u00a0Carol Christ\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u5979\u662f\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u52a0\u5927\u73fe\u4efb\u6821\u9577\u3002\u7530\u6821\u9577\u65bc2002\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Christ\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u898b\u5230\u7530\u6821\u9577\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5979\u66fe\u65bc1994\u81f32000\u5e74\u64d4\u4efb\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u52a0\u5927\u526f\u6821\u9577\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u7530\u6821\u9577\u7684\u526f\u624b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5006\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\u300c\u904e\u5f9e\u751a\u5bc6\u300d\u3002\u7530\u9577\u9716\u662f\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u52a0\u5927\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e9e\u88d4\u6821\u9577\uff0cCarol Christ\u662f\u8a72\u6821\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6821\u9577\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5148\u5f8c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u6700\u8fd1\u00a0Christ\u983b\u906d\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5979\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5728\u6821\u9577\u7db2\u9801\u4e0a\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u7c21\u77ed\u8fce\u65b0\u81f4\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u8a72\u6821\u672a\u4f86\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u897f\u88d4\u751f\u670d\u52d9\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08Hispanic-\u00a0serving institution\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31HIS\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u897f\u88d4\u751f\u670d\u52d9\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5373\u897f\u8a9e\u88d4\u65b0\u751f\u8981\u9054\u523025%\u3002\u5979\u9084\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u571f\u8457\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u3002\u5c0d\u4e9e\u88d4\u5b78\u751f\u672a\u7f6e\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002\u6b64\u8a9e\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u8b70\u8ad6\u6cb8\u9a30\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4e9e\u88d4\u6559\u80b2\u806f\u76df\u767c\u8868\u6297\u8b70\u4fe1\uff0c\u9063\u8cacChrist\u6821\u9577\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u5ba3\u63da\u7a2e\u65cf\u914d\u984d\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u61b2\u6cd5\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u5224\u4f8b\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u62db\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5404\u65cf\u88d4\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4eba\u70ba\u8a2d\u7acb\u65cf\u88d4\u914d\u984d\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002 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