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Aral\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u771f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u300d\u53e6\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u5668\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(Laboratory for Social Machines)\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76Soroush Vosoughi \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u88e1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\u5168\u6487\u9664\uff0c\u771f\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d \u00a0 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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u672c\u5831\u8a18\u8005 Pegasus J. 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Knowles\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u7576\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u8aaa\u51fa\u300c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fa8\u5225\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u80e1\u8aaa\u516b\u9053\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u66ae\u9f13\u6668\u9418\u4e4b\u8a9e\u3002 \u00a0 \u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u6253\u64ca\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5834\u5145\u65a5\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u5f8c\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u79cb\u5b63\u5165\u5b78\u65b0\u751f\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u7531\u8a72\u6821\u9996\u4f4d\u5973\u6821\u9577\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea1672\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9996\u4f4d\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u6b77\u7684\u6821\u9577Drew Faust\u81f4\u8a5e\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86Knowles\u6240\u8aaa\u6dfa\u5230\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u52a0\u4e86\u300c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u300d(higher education)\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u5979\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u547c\u61c9\u5979\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e3b\u65e8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42(pursuit of truth)\u3002\u5979\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\u3001\u722d\u8ad6\u3001\u6311\u6230\u8207\u8ad6\u8faf\u300d\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u662f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5979\u4e5f\u8aaa\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u53ea\u60f3\u6559\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u4eba\u61c9\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u505a\u5224\u65b7\u3001\u8a55\u91cf\u4e8b\u5be6\u8207\u5c0d\u65b0\u771f\u7406\u63a1\u958b\u653e\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u610f\u9858\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6b77\u7d93\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u98a8\u98a8\u96e8\u96e8\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u5275\u4e0b\u591a\u9805\u6b77\u53f2\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6821\u9577\uff0c\u7d66\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u7562\u696d\u9580\u6abb\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u7576\u5e74\u7684Knowles\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u80e1\u8aaa\u516b\u9053\u6642\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u4eba\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8fa8\u5225\u3002 \u00a0 2016\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u96d6\u5df2\u4e00\u69cc\u5b9a\u97f3\u4f46\u9918\u97f3\u4ecd\u7e5e\u6a11\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u77e5\u9084\u8981\u7e5e\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u83ab\u8aaa\u90a3\u9053\u9580\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u901a\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u7fa4\u7db2\u7ad9\u88ab\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u505a\u5ee3\u544a\u8207\u767c\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u5c31\u8b93\u806f\u90a6\u706b\u5927\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u5f9e\u4eca\u4ee5\u5f8c\u56b4\u7ba1\u518d\u56b4\u7ba1\u3002\u5ee3\u544a\u5c31\u662f\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8f09\u4e0d\u8f09\u660e\u8ab0\u51fa\u8cc7\uff0c\u660e\u773c\u4eba\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u662f\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u5982\u9084\u9858\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u775c\u773c\u778e\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u6df7\u5047\u6210\u771f\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u5169\u4f4d\u54c8\u4f5b\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u8fa8\u5225\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u80e1\u8aaa\u516b\u9053\u3002 \u00a0 \u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u570b\u6703\u5c71\u838a\u6b63\u5927\u8072\u6307\u8cac\u81c9\u66f8\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u8207\u63a8\u7279\uff0c\u5728\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u671f\u9593\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u5916\u570b\u8cc7\u52a9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u860b\u679c\u7684Tim Cook\u53cd\u5012\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u641e\u932f\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8df3\u51fa\u4f86\u4e3b\u52d5\u8981\u5a92\u9ad4\u8a2a\u554f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u63a5\u53d7NBC News\u7684\u4e3b\u64adLester Holt\u7684\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e2d\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u7db2\u7ad9\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u64cd\u63a7\u4eba\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u6bd4\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5ee3\u544a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u56b4\u91cd\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u662f\u500b\u5927\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u500b0.1%\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5206\u88c2\u4eba\u3001\u64cd\u7e31\u4eba\uff0c\u5411\u5ee3\u5927\u4eba\u7fa4\u6563\u64ad\u5047\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662fNo. 1\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d \u00a0 Cook\u4e00\u76f4\u75db\u6068\u5047\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u65e9\u65bc\u4e8c\u6708\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u570b\u6bcf\u65e5\u96fb\u8a0a\u5831\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\u6642\u4fbf\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b98\u5bb3\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u3002\u300d\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u300c\u8fa8\u5225\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u80e1\u8aaa\u516b\u9053\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u5047\u65b0\u805e\u6210\u4e86Cook\u6240\u8a00\u7684No. 1\u6bd2\u5bb3\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u4f86\u4ee5\u8a1b\u50b3\u8a1b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e0b\u8c37\u6b4c\u6838\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0a\u4e86\u8c37\u6b4c\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u771f\u7528\u5c0d\u4e86\u8c37\u6b4c\u5462\uff1f\u524d\u8c37\u6b4c\u8cc7\u6df1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2bFili Wiese\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u641c\u5c0b\u524d\u8981\u505a\u529f\u8ab2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a72\u4e00\u80a1\u8166\u5152\u5730\u6191\u611f\u89ba\u53bb\u641c\u5c0b\u5916\uff0c\u4f86\u6e90\u51fa\u8655\u66f4\u662f\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u4e0a\u7db2\u641c\u5c0b\u8ddf\u770b\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5148\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u614b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f03\u59a5\u7576\u3002 \u00a0 \u4ed6\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8056\u8377\u897f\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5831\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6574\u500b\u7db2\u8def\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u505a\u884c\u92b7\uff0c\u884c\u92b7\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u6216\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7db2\u7ad9\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4f01\u5716\u7684\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f2\u76ee\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u770b\u898b\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5148\u5b58\u7591\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u8005\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u770b\u5408\u4ed6\u80c3\u53e3\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u904e\u6ffe\u6ce1\u6cab\u300d(filter bubble)\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u770b\u76f8\u53cd\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8ddf\u76f8\u540c\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u770b\u5230\u5408\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u505c\u6b62\u8cea\u7591\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u771f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u4eba\u63ed\u7a7f\u4e86\u3002\u591a\u770b\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u8ddf\u591a\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u4f86\u627e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u771f\u76f8\u5f88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002 \u00a0 \u5341\u6708\u865f\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u300b(Scientific American)\u6709\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u70ba\u4f55\u8070\u660e\u4eba\u6703\u505a\u8822\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u300b(Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?)\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8070\u660e\u4eba\u6216\u8a31\u56e0\u70ba\u667a\u5546\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u7e3e\u597d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u7f6a\u60f9\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u667a\u529b\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b(critical thinking)\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u9700\u8981\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8ad6\u8b49\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5047\u8a2d\u6aa2\u6e2c\u8207\u6c7a\u7b56\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7bc4\u7587\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78(cognitive science)\u5c6c\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u53c8\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u8ca0\u9762\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002 \u00a0 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