{"id":165150,"date":"2018-12-29T06:00:31","date_gmt":"2018-12-29T14:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/old.newsforchinese.com\/v3\/?p=165150"},"modified":"2018-12-16T10:27:09","modified_gmt":"2018-12-16T18:27:09","slug":"%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2018\/12\/29\/%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\u611f\u6069\u7bc0\u5403\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5e74Sonoma-Mendocino\u7e23\u754c\u4ee5\u5357\u5f9e11\u670815\u65e5\u958b\u59cb<!--more-->\uff0c\u4ee5\u5317\u5f9e12\u67081\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9(Dungeness crab)\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\uff0c2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\u537b\u665a\u52302016\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u6708\u8207\u4e94\u6708\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff1b2016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\u96d6\u6709\u6e96\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178(domoic acid)\u9084\u662f\u904e\u9ad8\u800c\u672a\u958b\u653e\uff1b2017-18\u5b63\u5ea6\u53c8\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"165152\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2018\/12\/29\/%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f\/%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0-small\/\" 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Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations, PCFFA)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u66fe\u6253\u8d0fBP\u3001Exxon Mobil\u3001Royal Dutch Shell\u8207Chevron\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5e7e\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c08\u6253\u9ad8\u95dc\u6ce8\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71Sher Edling\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7e23\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u544a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u5bb6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8b8a\u6696\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u7f6a\u72c0\u6709\u4e94\u689d\uff1a1.\u59a8\u5bb3(nuisance)\u30012.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 failure to warn)\u30013.\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 design defect)\u30014.\u904e\u5931(negligence)\u30015.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u904e\u5931(negligence \u2013 failure to warn)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6263\u4e0a\u9019\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u6355\u6488\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5957\u5230\u77f3\u5316\u696d\uff0cPCFFA\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8bNoah Oppenheim\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6f01\u696d\u53d7\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u77f3\u5316\u539f\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u806f\u7d50\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sher Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. Silvestri\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u72c0\u662f\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u96fb\u90f5\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7403\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u61c9\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Exxon\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u8aaa\u5c0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u300d\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53bb\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u8207\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u544a\u4e94\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u4fee\u5efa\u5c0d\u6297\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u5824\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u77e5\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9084\u6545\u300c\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u8a34\u72c0\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7159\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5bb3\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u7a76\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u5b98William Alsup\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u9801\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u65e9\u671f\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u80fd\u5224\u51fa\u662f\u975e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9ede\u51fa\u570b\u6703\u8207\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u89e3\u6c7a\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u751f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u8a31\u77f3\u5316\u696d\u99c1\u56de\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Alsup\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u96d6\u975e\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u9019\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5177\u53c3\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9996\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9b27\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u9ec3\u80cc\u5fc3\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u52a0\u6c7d\u67f4\u6cb9\u7a05\u5c31\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u9769\u6389\u99ac\u514b\u5b8f\u7e3d\u7d71(Emmanuel 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\u6263\u4e0a\u9019\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u6355\u6488\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5957\u5230\u77f3\u5316\u696d\uff0cPCFFA\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8bNoah Oppenheim\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6f01\u696d\u53d7\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u77f3\u5316\u539f\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u806f\u7d50\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u3002\u300d Sher Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. Silvestri\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u72c0\u662f\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u96fb\u90f5\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7403\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u61c9\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d Exxon\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u8aaa\u5c0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u300d\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53bb\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u8207\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u544a\u4e94\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u4fee\u5efa\u5c0d\u6297\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u5824\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u77e5\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9084\u6545\u300c\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u8a34\u72c0\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7159\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5bb3\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u7a76\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u5b98William Alsup\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u9801\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u65e9\u671f\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u80fd\u5224\u51fa\u662f\u975e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9ede\u51fa\u570b\u6703\u8207\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u89e3\u6c7a\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u751f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u8a31\u77f3\u5316\u696d\u99c1\u56de\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002 Alsup\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u96d6\u975e\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u9019\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5177\u53c3\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9996\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9b27\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u9ec3\u80cc\u5fc3\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u52a0\u6c7d\u67f4\u6cb9\u7a05\u5c31\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u9769\u6389\u99ac\u514b\u5b8f\u7e3d\u7d71(Emmanuel Macron)\u7684\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u52a0\u7a05\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6e1b\u7de9\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6cd5\u9662\u53eb\u77f3\u5316\u5de8\u982d\u51fa\u9322\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6551\u5730\u7403\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1fAlsup\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u9019\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u4f86\u5ffd\u8996\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u5168\u90e8\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u6771\u897f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raymond\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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acid)\u9084\u662f\u904e\u9ad8\u800c\u672a\u958b\u653e\uff1b2017-18\u5b63\u5ea6\u53c8\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 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\u9020\u6210\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u7b49\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8cb4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5b83\u5011\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u76e3\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u884c\u6355\u6488\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7bc0\u6c23\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6d88\u9000\u7684\u6d77\u85fb\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u5cb8\u5916\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5165\u79cb\u5f8c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6bd2\u7d20\u6301\u7e8c\u6b98\u7559\u8783\u87f9\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u5f8c\u5ef6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\u5462\uff1f \u53bb\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u5cb8\u8783\u87f9\u6f01\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u7d44\u7e54\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u6f01\u6c11\u5354\u6703\u806f\u76df(Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations, PCFFA)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u66fe\u6253\u8d0fBP\u3001Exxon Mobil\u3001Royal Dutch Shell\u8207Chevron\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5e7e\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c08\u6253\u9ad8\u95dc\u6ce8\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71Sher Edling\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7e23\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u544a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u5bb6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8b8a\u6696\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u7f6a\u72c0\u6709\u4e94\u689d\uff1a1.\u59a8\u5bb3(nuisance)\u30012.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 failure to warn)\u30013.\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 design defect)\u30014.\u904e\u5931(negligence)\u30015.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u904e\u5931(negligence \u2013 failure to warn)\u3002 \u6263\u4e0a\u9019\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u6355\u6488\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5957\u5230\u77f3\u5316\u696d\uff0cPCFFA\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8bNoah Oppenheim\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6f01\u696d\u53d7\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u77f3\u5316\u539f\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u806f\u7d50\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u3002\u300d Sher Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. Silvestri\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u72c0\u662f\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u96fb\u90f5\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7403\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u61c9\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d Exxon\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u8aaa\u5c0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u300d\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53bb\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u8207\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u544a\u4e94\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u4fee\u5efa\u5c0d\u6297\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u5824\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u77e5\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9084\u6545\u300c\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u8a34\u72c0\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7159\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5bb3\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u7a76\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u5b98William Alsup\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u9801\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u65e9\u671f\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u80fd\u5224\u51fa\u662f\u975e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9ede\u51fa\u570b\u6703\u8207\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u89e3\u6c7a\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u751f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u8a31\u77f3\u5316\u696d\u99c1\u56de\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002 Alsup\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u96d6\u975e\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u9019\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5177\u53c3\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9996\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9b27\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u9ec3\u80cc\u5fc3\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u52a0\u6c7d\u67f4\u6cb9\u7a05\u5c31\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u9769\u6389\u99ac\u514b\u5b8f\u7e3d\u7d71(Emmanuel Macron)\u7684\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u52a0\u7a05\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6e1b\u7de9\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6cd5\u9662\u53eb\u77f3\u5316\u5de8\u982d\u51fa\u9322\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6551\u5730\u7403\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1fAlsup\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u9019\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u4f86\u5ffd\u8996\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u5168\u90e8\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u6771\u897f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2018\/12\/29\/%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0-small.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0-small.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-12-29T14:00:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-12-16T18:27:09+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0\u55ce\uff1f - News for Chinese \uff0d \u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5340No.1\u514d\u8cbb\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u5831\u7d19\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\u611f\u6069\u7bc0\u5403\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5e74Sonoma-Mendocino\u7e23\u754c\u4ee5\u5357\u5f9e11\u670815\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5317\u5f9e12\u67081\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9(Dungeness crab)\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\uff0c2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\u537b\u665a\u52302016\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u6708\u8207\u4e94\u6708\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff1b2016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\u96d6\u6709\u6e96\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178(domoic acid)\u9084\u662f\u904e\u9ad8\u800c\u672a\u958b\u653e\uff1b2017-18\u5b63\u5ea6\u53c8\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u5e74\u5ea6\u8783\u87f9\u5b63\u96d6\u6e96\u6642\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u6488\u7372\u91cf\u5df2\u9010\u5e74\u905e\u6e1b\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6f01\u696d\u66a8\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u90e8\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c2017-18\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5341\u500b\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u5168\u52a0\u5dde\u5404\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u4ee52011-12\u76843189\u842c\u78c5\u9054\u985b\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u6bcf\u4e0b\u6108\u6cc1\uff0c\u6700\u6158\u7684\u662f2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u665a\u4e86\u8fd1\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u67091230\u842c\u78c5\uff0c\u7522\u503c\u4e5f\u5f9e2011-12\u76849555\u842c\u5143\u6389\u5230\u53ea\u52693950\u842c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e4b\u5f8c\u76842016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u8207\u7522\u503c\u90fd\u66b4\u885d\u56de\u8fd1\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u4f462017-18\u53c8\u6389\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e2011-12\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e862012-13\u5e73\u5747\u96f6\u552e\u50f9\u5728\u6bcf\u78c5\u4e09\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c24\u51762014-15\u98c6\u9ad8\u5230$3.65\u3002\u9019\u9084\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u770b\u96f2\u9704\u98db\u8eca\u80a1\u7968\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96f6\u552e\u8cb7\u5230\u6bcf\u78c5\u5341\u5e7e\u5143\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u6bcf\u78c5\u4e00\u5169\u5143\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u6642\u5149\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u3002 \u9020\u6210\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u7b49\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8cb4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5b83\u5011\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u76e3\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u884c\u6355\u6488\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7bc0\u6c23\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6d88\u9000\u7684\u6d77\u85fb\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u5cb8\u5916\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5165\u79cb\u5f8c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6bd2\u7d20\u6301\u7e8c\u6b98\u7559\u8783\u87f9\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u5f8c\u5ef6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\u5462\uff1f \u53bb\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u5cb8\u8783\u87f9\u6f01\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u7d44\u7e54\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u6f01\u6c11\u5354\u6703\u806f\u76df(Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations, PCFFA)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u66fe\u6253\u8d0fBP\u3001Exxon Mobil\u3001Royal Dutch Shell\u8207Chevron\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5e7e\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c08\u6253\u9ad8\u95dc\u6ce8\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71Sher 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- News for Chinese \uff0d \u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5340No.1\u514d\u8cbb\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u5831\u7d19","description":"\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\u611f\u6069\u7bc0\u5403\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5e74Sonoma-Mendocino\u7e23\u754c\u4ee5\u5357\u5f9e11\u670815\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5317\u5f9e12\u67081\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9(Dungeness crab)\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\uff0c2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\u537b\u665a\u52302016\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u6708\u8207\u4e94\u6708\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff1b2016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\u96d6\u6709\u6e96\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178(domoic acid)\u9084\u662f\u904e\u9ad8\u800c\u672a\u958b\u653e\uff1b2017-18\u5b63\u5ea6\u53c8\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 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\u9020\u6210\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u7b49\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8cb4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5b83\u5011\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u76e3\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u884c\u6355\u6488\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7bc0\u6c23\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6d88\u9000\u7684\u6d77\u85fb\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u5cb8\u5916\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5165\u79cb\u5f8c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6bd2\u7d20\u6301\u7e8c\u6b98\u7559\u8783\u87f9\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u5f8c\u5ef6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\u5462\uff1f \u53bb\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u5cb8\u8783\u87f9\u6f01\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u7d44\u7e54\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u6f01\u6c11\u5354\u6703\u806f\u76df(Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations, PCFFA)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u66fe\u6253\u8d0fBP\u3001Exxon Mobil\u3001Royal Dutch Shell\u8207Chevron\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5e7e\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c08\u6253\u9ad8\u95dc\u6ce8\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71Sher Edling\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7e23\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u544a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u5bb6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8b8a\u6696\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u7f6a\u72c0\u6709\u4e94\u689d\uff1a1.\u59a8\u5bb3(nuisance)\u30012.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 failure to warn)\u30013.\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 design defect)\u30014.\u904e\u5931(negligence)\u30015.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u904e\u5931(negligence \u2013 failure to warn)\u3002 \u6263\u4e0a\u9019\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u6355\u6488\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5957\u5230\u77f3\u5316\u696d\uff0cPCFFA\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8bNoah Oppenheim\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6f01\u696d\u53d7\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u77f3\u5316\u539f\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u806f\u7d50\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u3002\u300d Sher Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. Silvestri\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u72c0\u662f\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u96fb\u90f5\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7403\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u61c9\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d Exxon\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u8aaa\u5c0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u300d\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53bb\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u8207\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u544a\u4e94\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u4fee\u5efa\u5c0d\u6297\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u5824\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u77e5\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9084\u6545\u300c\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u8a34\u72c0\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7159\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5bb3\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u7a76\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u5b98William Alsup\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u9801\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u65e9\u671f\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u80fd\u5224\u51fa\u662f\u975e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9ede\u51fa\u570b\u6703\u8207\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u89e3\u6c7a\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u751f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u8a31\u77f3\u5316\u696d\u99c1\u56de\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002 Alsup\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u96d6\u975e\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u9019\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5177\u53c3\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9996\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9b27\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u9ec3\u80cc\u5fc3\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u52a0\u6c7d\u67f4\u6cb9\u7a05\u5c31\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u9769\u6389\u99ac\u514b\u5b8f\u7e3d\u7d71(Emmanuel 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Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. Silvestri\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7f6a\u72c0\u662f\u5927\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u96fb\u90f5\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7403\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7531\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u61c9\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u505a\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d Exxon\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\u8aaa\u5c0d\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u300c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e\u300d\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53bb\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u8207\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u544a\u4e94\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u652f\u4ed8\u4fee\u5efa\u5c0d\u6297\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u6d77\u5824\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u77e5\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6703\u52a9\u9577\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9084\u6545\u300c\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u8a34\u72c0\u6307\u7a31\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7159\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5bb3\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u7a76\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5730\u5340\u6cd5\u5b98William Alsup\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u88c1\u6c7a\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u9801\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50cf\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u65e9\u671f\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u80fd\u5224\u51fa\u662f\u975e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9ede\u51fa\u570b\u6703\u8207\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u89e3\u6c7a\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u751f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u8a31\u77f3\u5316\u696d\u99c1\u56de\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u3002 Alsup\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u96d6\u975e\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8783\u87f9\u696d\u8005\u7684\u9019\u8d77\u544a\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5177\u53c3\u8003\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u9996\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9b27\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u66b4\u52d5\u7684\u9ec3\u80cc\u5fc3\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u52a0\u6c7d\u67f4\u6cb9\u7a05\u5c31\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u9769\u6389\u99ac\u514b\u5b8f\u7e3d\u7d71(Emmanuel Macron)\u7684\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u52a0\u7a05\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6e1b\u7de9\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6cd5\u9662\u53eb\u77f3\u5316\u5de8\u982d\u51fa\u9322\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6551\u5730\u7403\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1fAlsup\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u9019\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u4f86\u5ffd\u8996\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u5316\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u5168\u90e8\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u6771\u897f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u55ce\uff1f\u300d","og:url":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/2018\/12\/29\/%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%9a%96%e5%8c%96%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e8%a6%8b%e5%be%97%e4%ba%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%ab%a0%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f\/","og:image":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0-small.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0-small.jpg","og:image:width":600,"og:image:height":333,"article:published_time":"2018-12-29T14:00:31+00:00","article:modified_time":"2018-12-16T18:27:09+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6cd5\u5ead\u898b\u5f97\u4e86\u771f\u7ae0\u55ce\uff1f - News for Chinese \uff0d \u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5340No.1\u514d\u8cbb\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u5831\u7d19","twitter:description":"\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\u611f\u6069\u7bc0\u5403\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5e74Sonoma-Mendocino\u7e23\u754c\u4ee5\u5357\u5f9e11\u670815\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5317\u5f9e12\u67081\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9(Dungeness crab)\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\uff0c2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\u537b\u665a\u52302016\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u6708\u8207\u4e94\u6708\u624d\u958b\u59cb\uff1b2016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\u96d6\u6709\u6e96\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178(domoic acid)\u9084\u662f\u904e\u9ad8\u800c\u672a\u958b\u653e\uff1b2017-18\u5b63\u5ea6\u53c8\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u5e74\u5ea6\u8783\u87f9\u5b63\u96d6\u6e96\u6642\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u6488\u7372\u91cf\u5df2\u9010\u5e74\u905e\u6e1b\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6f01\u696d\u66a8\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u90e8\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c2017-18\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5341\u500b\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u5168\u52a0\u5dde\u5404\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u4ee52011-12\u76843189\u842c\u78c5\u9054\u985b\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u6bcf\u4e0b\u6108\u6cc1\uff0c\u6700\u6158\u7684\u662f2015-16\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u665a\u4e86\u8fd1\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u67091230\u842c\u78c5\uff0c\u7522\u503c\u4e5f\u5f9e2011-12\u76849555\u842c\u5143\u6389\u5230\u53ea\u52693950\u842c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e4b\u5f8c\u76842016-17\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u6355\u6488\u91cf\u8207\u7522\u503c\u90fd\u66b4\u885d\u56de\u8fd1\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u4f462017-18\u53c8\u6389\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e2011-12\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e862012-13\u5e73\u5747\u96f6\u552e\u50f9\u5728\u6bcf\u78c5\u4e09\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c24\u51762014-15\u98c6\u9ad8\u5230$3.65\u3002\u9019\u9084\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u770b\u96f2\u9704\u98db\u8eca\u80a1\u7968\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96f6\u552e\u8cb7\u5230\u6bcf\u78c5\u5341\u5e7e\u5143\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u6bcf\u78c5\u4e00\u5169\u5143\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u6642\u5149\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u3002 \u9020\u6210\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u7b49\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8783\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8cb4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5b83\u5011\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u76e3\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u884c\u6355\u6488\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u672c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7bc0\u6c23\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6d88\u9000\u7684\u6d77\u85fb\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u5cb8\u5916\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5165\u79cb\u5f8c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6bd2\u7d20\u6301\u7e8c\u6b98\u7559\u8783\u87f9\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u5f8c\u5ef6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\u5462\uff1f \u53bb\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8981\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\u5546\u696d\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u897f\u5cb8\u8783\u87f9\u6f01\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u7d44\u7e54\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u6f01\u6c11\u5354\u6703\u806f\u76df(Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations, PCFFA)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u66fe\u6253\u8d0fBP\u3001Exxon Mobil\u3001Royal Dutch Shell\u8207Chevron\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5e7e\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c08\u6253\u9ad8\u95dc\u6ce8\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71Sher Edling\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7e23\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u544a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u5bb6\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u77f3\u5316\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5b83\u5011\u8981\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6355\u6488\u5b63\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8b8a\u6696\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u7f6a\u72c0\u6709\u4e94\u689d\uff1a1.\u59a8\u5bb3(nuisance)\u30012.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 failure to warn)\u30013.\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7121\u904e\u932f\u8cac\u4efb(strict liability \u2013 design defect)\u30014.\u904e\u5931(negligence)\u30015.\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u904e\u5931(negligence \u2013 failure to warn)\u3002 \u6263\u4e0a\u9019\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73cd\u5bf6\u87f9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u6355\u6488\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5957\u5230\u77f3\u5316\u696d\uff0cPCFFA\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8bNoah Oppenheim\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6f01\u696d\u53d7\u8edf\u9aa8\u85fb\u9178\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u77f3\u5316\u539f\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u806f\u7d50\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u884c\u696d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e86\u3002\u300d Sher Edling\u63d0\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7f6a\u72c0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u9805\u6307\u63a7\u9019\u4e09\u5341\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u70ba\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u8ca0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u300c\u672a\u505a\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u8a72\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u77e5\u9053\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u6d0b\u6696\u5316\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5371\u5bb3\u9577\u9054\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002Exxon Mobil\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u7406Scott J. 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