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\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u667a\u6167\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7d50\u6676\uff0c\u5979\u5e7e\u4e4e\u966a\u4f34\u8457\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3002\u725b\u9813\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u6642\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u5b78\u501f\u52a9\u65bc\u5085\u7acb\u8449\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6578\u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6ef2\u5165\u4e86\u5de5\u696d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6982\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6e96\u5099\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388George Polya\uff3bhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_P\u00f3lya\uff3d\u7684\u300a\u6578\u5b78\u8207\u731c\u60f3\u300b\uff08Mathematics and Plausible 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content=\"\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u57fa\u790e\u8a13\u7df4\u666e\u904d\u5f88\u5f37\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u7562\u696d\u751f\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u53bb\u7576\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ff\u5230\u7559\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u540d\u984d\uff0c\u5230\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e5f\u8a31\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u5be6\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u7684\u8077\u696d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff1a\u5546\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u7d71\u8a08\u5e2b\uff0c\u7cbe\u7b97\u5e2b\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\u5e2b\uff0c\u696d\u52d9\u904b\u71df\u7d93\u7406\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u8edf\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u54e1\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002 \u6578\u5b78\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u667a\u6167\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7d50\u6676\uff0c\u5979\u5e7e\u4e4e\u966a\u4f34\u8457\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3002\u725b\u9813\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u6642\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u5b78\u501f\u52a9\u65bc\u5085\u7acb\u8449\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6578\u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6ef2\u5165\u4e86\u5de5\u696d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6982\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6e96\u5099\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388George Polya\uff3bhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_P\u00f3lya\uff3d\u7684\u300a\u6578\u5b78\u8207\u731c\u60f3\u300b\uff08Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u5247\u95e1\u91cb\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\uff0c\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\uff0c\u904b\u8f49\u65bc\u4e00\u7d72\u4e0d\u82df\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u662f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b78\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6578\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u5927\u81bd\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u63a8\u6572\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u548c\u614e\u5bc6\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0d\u667a\u529b\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3002 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2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d0f\u5f97\u8457\u540d\u6578\u5b78Fiedls Medal\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3001Stanford\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388Maryam Mirzakhani\u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7440\u6b72\u3002 Stanford\u6821\u65b9\u5ba3\u4f48\uff0c\u60a3\u6709\u4e73\u764c\u7684Mirzakhani\u9031\u516d\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u6821\u65b9\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\u5979\u5728\u4f55\u8655\u8fad\u4e16\u3002 2014\u5e74\uff0cMirzakhani\u6210\u70baFields Meda\u56db\u540d\u7372\u734e\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Fields Medal\u6bcf\u56db\u5e74\u9812\u767c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6578\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u5979\u4ee5\u5979\u5728\u8907\u96dc\u5e7e\u4f55\u548c\u52d5\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u800c\u805e\u540d\u3002 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\u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u7247\u6700\u521d\u767c\u60f3\u59cb\u65bc2013\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u827e\u68ee\u5df4\u5fb7\u8207\u4ed6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u62cd\u651d\u4e00\u90e8\u95dc\u65bc\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u7684\u5b7f\u751f\u8cea\u6578\u731c\u60f3\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u3002\u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u81ea2013\u5e749\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7d00\u9304\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u5728\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u52a0\u5927\u6f14\u8b1b\u3001\u63a1\u8a2a\u6578\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u89e3\u91cb\u53ca\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8a72\u8ad6\u6587\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u5206\u4eab\u65e5\u5e38\u76f8\u8655\u7d93\u904e\uff0c\u4e26\u5230\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u65b0\u7f55\u666e\u590f\u5927\u5b78\u62cd\u651d\u4ed6\u4e0a\u8ab2\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5be6\u6cc1\u3002 \u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u62cd\u651d\u524d\u5df2\u807d\u805e\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u76f8\u7576\u5bb3\u7f9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u96b1\u79c1\u3002\u5728\u63a1\u8a2a\u5f35\u6559\u6388\u597d\u53cb\u3001\u79d1\u7f85\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u97f3\u6a02\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u9f4a\u5149\uff08Jacob Chi\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u4e0d\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u81f4\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u5b78\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u50cf\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u5b78\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u90fd\u6709\u8af8\u591a\u6d89\u7375\u3002\u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u8ffd\u6c42\u7c21\u6a38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u5b78\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\u3002\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u6559\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8cfd\u767e\u5473\uff08Subway\uff09\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb\u9023\u9396\u5e97\u64d4\u4efb\u6703\u8a08\u53ca\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\uff0c\u597d\u5c08\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u5b78\u3002 \u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u6700\u5e38\u8aaa\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7368\u8655\u597d\u601d\u8003\u6578\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u80fd\u5920\u4f54\u7528\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u7684\u6642\u9593\u62cd\u651d\u9019\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002 \u81ea1970\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u88fd\u4f5c\u903e32\u90e8\u7d00\u9304\u7247\uff0c\u5305\u62ec2011\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u73fe\u4ee3\u5fae\u5206\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u300c\u5c71\u9577\u6c34\u9060 - \u9673\u7701\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u300d\u7d00\u9304\u7247\u3002\u57282010\u5e74\u52302013\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u70ba\u897f\u9580\u5b50\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u88fd\u4f5c30\u6bb5\u50b3\u8a18\u5f0f\u8a2a\u554f\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u9f4a\u54f2\u745e\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u806f\u5408\u653f\u7b56\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08Joint Policy Board for Mathematics\uff09\u50b3\u64ad\u8ca2\u737b\u734e\uff0c\u8868\u63da\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u5c07\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u5e36\u7d66\u975e\u6578\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u3002 \u5f35\u76ca\u55101955\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb\u3001\u666e\u5ea6\u5927\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u65b0\u7f55\u5e03\u590f\u5927\u5b78\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5805\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5408\uff0c\u5f35\u76ca\u5510\u5728\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u63a8\u85a6\u4fe1\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u5e74\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\u5ea6\u65e5\u30022013\u5e74\u7368\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u300c\u5b7f\u751f\u8cea\u6578\u731c\u60f3\u300d\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c4\u6708\u6295\u7a3f\u6578\u5b78\u5e74\u520a\uff08Annals of Mathematics\uff09\u50c5\u4e09\u5468\u5c31\u88ab\u8a55\u5be9\u901a\u904e\u520a\u767b\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u9678\u7e8c\u7372\u5f97\u6668\u8208\u6578\u5b78\u5353\u8d8a\u6210\u5c31\u734e\u3001Ostrowski\u734e\u3001\u67ef\u723e\u6578\u8ad6\u734e\u3001Rolf Schock\u734e\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u5165\u9078\u70ba\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u5f97\u9ea5\u514b\u963f\u745f\u734e\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u5730\u65b9\u65b0\u805e&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u5730\u65b9\u65b0\u805e","link":"https:\/\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/category\/local\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Yitang-Zhang-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Yitang-Zhang-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsforchinese.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Yitang-Zhang-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 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Balanced\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c0d\u65b0Common Core\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u3002Common Standard\u6a19\u6e96\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u5e74\u7d1a\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u6578\u5b78\u638c\u63e1\u6c34\u6e96\u78ba\u7acb\u8861\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6a19\u6e96\u5728\u5168\u570b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5dde\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002 \u50c51\uff05\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u5b78\u751f\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u52a0\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u4e09\u5230\u516b\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u6709\u7d0420%\u62d2\u7d55\u53c3\u52a0\u8003\u8a66\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5dde\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u806f\u76df\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u6279\u8a55\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\u662f\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002 \u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u5b78\u751f\u77e5\u8b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a55\u4f30\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4ee5\u5f80\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u4ee5\u524d\u7684Standardized Testing and Reporting \u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u7d19\u548c\u925b\u7b46\u7684\u591a\u9805\u9078\u64c7\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002 Smarter Balanced \u6e2c\u8a66\u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u677f\u6216\u96fb\u8166\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u614b\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u56de\u7b54\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium\u662f\u5169\u500b\u70ba\u5275\u5efaCommon Core\u4e00\u81f4\u5316\u8a55\u4f30\u9ad4\u7cfb\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5dde\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u6578\u500b\u63a1\u53d6Smarter Balanced\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5dde\u516c\u4f48\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d50\u679c\u2014\u6574\u9ad4\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8207\u52a0\u5dde\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d50\u679c\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u4f48\u7d50\u679c\u3002 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